OSTEOSYNTHESIS OF A SCAPHOID NECK FRACTURE WITH A CANNULATED COMPRESSION SCREW: EVALUATION OF 52 PATIENTS.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the dorsal fixation technique with a cannulated compression screw (CCS) for transverse scaphoid neck fractures. METHODS: A case series study was carried out with patients treated with a CSS between April 2014 and May 2021. The main outcome was the healing of the fracture, verified by radiographic evaluation that used images of the wrist in anteroposterior, lateral, radial deviation, ulnar deviation and oblique views, obtained in the postoperative period. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients aged between 15 and 65 years were analyzed, of which 43 (83%) were male. Of the 52 patients, 19 (36.53%) had a right-hand injury and 33 (63.46%) had a left-hand injury. Results were excellent in 47 patients (90.38%); good in 4 patients (7.69%), with reduced mobility compared to contralateral and poor in 1 patient (1.92%), with failure of consolidation and breakage of the synthesis material. In 51 cases (99%) there was bone consolidation at the end of six months. CONCLUSION: Osteosynthesis with a cannulated compression screw is a safe, effective and promising method for the treatment of scaphoid neck fractures. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da técnica de fixação dorsal com parafuso canulado de compressão (CCS) para fraturas transversas do colo do escafoide. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de série de casos com pacientes tratados com CSS entre abril de 2014 e maio de 2021. O desfecho principal foi a consolidação da fratura, verificada por meio da avaliação radiográfica das imagens do punho em anteroposterior, perfil, desvio radial, desvio ulnar e oblíquo obtidas no pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 52 pacientes com idade entre 15 e 65 anos, sendo 43 (83%) do sexo masculino. Dos 52 pacientes, 19 (36,53%) tinham lesão na mão direita e 33(63,46%) na mão esquerda. Os resultados foram excelentes em 47 dos pacientes (90,38%); bons em quatro (7,69%), com mobilidade reduzida comparada ao membro contralateral; e ruim em um (1,92%), com falha da consolidação e quebra do material de síntese. Em 51 casos (99%) houve consolidação óssea ao final de seis meses. Conclusão: A osteossíntese com parafuso canulado de compressão é um método seguro, eficaz e promissor para o tratamento das fraturas no colo do escafoide. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

Osteosynthesis of a scaphoid neck fracture with a cannulated compression screw: evaluation of 52 patients / Osteossíntese de fratura no colo do escafoide com parafuso canulado de compressão: avaliação de 52 pacientes

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the dorsal fixation technique with a cannulated compression screw (CCS) for transverse scaphoid neck fractures. Methods: A case series study was carried out with patients treated with a CSS between April 2014 and May 2021. The main outcome was the healing of the fracture, verified by radiographic evaluation that used images of the wrist in anteroposterior, lateral, radial deviation, ulnar deviation and oblique views, obtained in the postoperative period. Results: Fifty-two patients aged between 15 and 65 years were analyzed, of which 43 (83%) were male. Of the 52 patients, 19 (36.53%) had a right-hand injury and 33 (63.46%) had a left-hand injury. Results were excellent in 47 patients (90.38%); good in 4 patients (7.69%), with reduced mobility compared to contralateral and poor in 1 patient (1.92%), with failure of consolidation and breakage of the synthesis material. In 51 cases (99%) there was bone consolidation at the end of six months. Conclusion: Osteosynthesis with a cannulated compression screw is a safe, effective and promising method for the treatment of scaphoid neck fractures. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da técnica de fixação dorsal com parafuso canulado de compressão (CCS) para fraturas transversas do colo do escafoide. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de série de casos com pacientes tratados com CSS entre abril de 2014 e maio de 2021. O desfecho principal foi a consolidação da fratura, verificada por meio da avaliação radiográfica das imagens do punho em anteroposterior, perfil, desvio radial, desvio ulnar e oblíquo obtidas no pós-operatório. Resultados: Foram analisados 52 pacientes com idade entre 15 e 65 anos, sendo 43 (83%) do sexo masculino. Dos 52 pacientes, 19 (36,53%) tinham lesão na mão direita e 33(63,46%) na mão esquerda. Os resultados foram excelentes em 47 dos pacientes (90,38%); bons em quatro (7,69%), com mobilidade reduzida comparada ao membro contralateral; e ruim em um (1,92%), com falha da consolidação e quebra do material de síntese. Em 51 casos (99%) houve consolidação óssea ao final de seis meses. Conclusão: A osteossíntese com parafuso canulado de compressão é um método seguro, eficaz e promissor para o tratamento das fraturas no colo do escafoide. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

Quality of life analysis on patients after arthroplasty or lumbar arthrodesis / Análise da qualidade de vida em pacientes pós artroplastia ou artrodese lombar / Análisis de la calidad de vida en pacientes tras una artroplastia o artrodesis lumbar

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a retrospective analysis of patients with degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine undergoing arthrodesis or lumbar arthroplasty in terms of functional capacity and quality of life. Methods: Retrospective observational study analyzing the medical records of patients undergoing arthrodesis or lumbar arthroplasty, followed-up at an outpatient clinic from 2018 to 2020. Patient characteristics were evaluated; the quality of life through the results of the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) and the functional capacity using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in the pre-surgical and post-surgical periods (6 months, 1 and 2 years). The criterion to establish statistical significance was p≤0.05. Results: Sixty-one patients were evaluated. After the surgical interventions, the individuals migrated from the classification of invalid (61.4%-64.6%) to minimal/moderate disability (17.7%-25.6%). There was a decline in ODI scores over time of follow-up (p≤0.001) as well as in SF-36 values (p≤0.001) for all surgical techniques. In this regard, evaluating the difference in means revealed the better performance of lumbar arthroplasty (p≤0.001). Conclusion: The data suggest that lumbar arthroplasty offers greater benefits to patients regarding functional capacity and quality of life. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective, descriptive, observational study.

Resumo: Objetivo: Realizar uma análise retrospectiva de pacientes com doença degenerativa discal da coluna lombar submetidos à artrodese ou artroplastia lombar em termos de capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida. Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospectivo de análise de prontuários dos pacientes submetidos à artrodese ou artroplastia lombar, acompanhados ambulatorialmente no período de 2018 a 2020. Foram avaliadas as características dos pacientes; a qualidade de vida através dos resultados do Questionário Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) e a capacidade funcional utilizando o Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) nos períodos pré-cirúrgico e pós-cirúrgico (06 meses, 01 ano e 02 anos). O critério para estabelecer significância estatística foi valores de p≤0,05. Resultados: Foram avaliados 61 pacientes. Após as intervenções cirúrgicas, os indivíduos migraram da classificação inválido (61,4%-64,6%) para incapacidade mínima/moderada (17,7%-25,6%). Houve declínio nos escores do ODI ao longo do tempo de acompanhamento (p≤0,001) assim como nos valores do SF-36 (p≤0,001) para todas as técnicas cirúrgicas. Nesse quesito, a avaliação da diferença de médias revelou melhor desempenho da artroplastia lombar (p≤0,001). Conclusão: Os dados sugerem que a artroplastia lombar oferece maior benefício para os pacientes em termos de capacidade funcional e de qualidade de vida. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, observacional.

Resumen: Objetivo: Realizar un análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con enfermedad degenerativa del disco de la columna lumbar sometidos a artrodesis o artroplastia lumbar en términos de capacidad funcional y calidad de vida. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo analizando las historias clínicas de pacientes sometidos a artrodesis o artroplastia lumbar, seguidos en consulta externa desde 2018 hasta 2020. Se evaluaron las características de los pacientes; la calidad de vida a través de los resultados del Cuestionario de Encuesta de Salud Short Form 36 (SF-36) y la capacidad funcional utilizando el Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) en los periodos prequirúrgico y posquirúrgico (06 meses, 01 año y 02 años). El criterio para establecer la significación estadística fue p≤0,05. Resultados: Se evaluaron 61 pacientes. Después de las intervenciones quirúrgicas, los individuos migraron de la clasificación de inválidos (61,4%-64,6%) a invalidez mínima/moderada (17,7%-25,6%). Hubo una disminución en las puntuaciones del ODI a lo largo del tiempo de seguimiento (p≤0,001) así como en los valores del SF-36 (p≤0,001) para todas las técnicas quirúrgicas. En ese sentido, la evaluación de la diferencia de medias reveló un mejor desempeño de la artroplastia lumbar (p≤0,001). Conclusión: Los datos sugieren que la artroplastia lumbar ofrece mayor beneficio a los pacientes en términos de capacidad funcional y calidad de vida. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, observacional.

Trend of traffic accident mortality rate among motorcyclists in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2015 to 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the trend in motorcyclist mortality rate from traffic accidents in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2015 to 2020. METHODS: This is an ecological time series study with secondary data from the Traffic Accident Management Information System of the State of São Paulo (INFOSIGA), referring to motorcyclists' deaths due to road traffic injuries in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2015 to 2020. The Annual Percent Change was calculated according to the Prais-Winsten regression model, using the Stata 14.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 11,343 deaths of motorcyclists due to road traffic injuries were reported. The highest proportion of deaths occurred among men (88.1%), aged between 18 and 24 years (27.9%), in the two most populous and urbanized regions of the state. The distribution of mortality showed minimal variation in the analyzed period, from 4.22 to 4.42 deaths/100 thousand inhabitants. Among the analyzed sociodemographic variables, the mortality trend of motorcyclists was mostly stationary. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the mortality of motorcyclists due to road traffic injuries in the state of São Paulo showed a stationary trend.

Minimally invasive swine spine surgery training: technical aspects, benefits, and anatomical limitations.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the technical specificities and feasibility of simulation of minimally invasive spine surgery in live pigs, as well as similarities and differences in comparison to surgery in humans. METHODS: A total of 22 Large White class swine models, weighing between 60 and 80kg, were submitted to surgical simulations, performed during theoretical-practical courses for training surgical techniques (microsurgical and endoscopic lumbar decompression; percutaneous pedicular instrumentation; lateral access to the thoracic spine, and anterior and retroperitoneal to the lumbar spine, and management of complications) by 86 spine surgeons. For each surgical technique, porcine anatomy (similarities and differences in relation to human anatomy), access route, and dimensions of the instruments and implants used were evaluated. Thus, the authors describe the feasibility of each operative simulation, as well as suggestions to optimize training. Study results are descriptive, with figures and drawings. RESULTS: Neural decompression surgeries (microsurgeries and endoscopic) and pedicular instrumentation presented higher similarities to surgery on humans. On the other hand, intradiscal procedures had limitations due to the narrow disc space in swines. We were able to simulate situations of surgical trauma in surgical complication scenarios, such as cerebrospinal fluid fistulas and excessive bleeding, with comparable realism to surgery on humans. CONCLUSION: A porcine model for simulation of minimally invasive spinal surgical techniques had similarities with surgery on humans, and is therefore feasible for surgeon training.

Trend of traffic accident mortality rate among motorcyclists in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2015 to 2020 / Tendência da taxa de mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito entre motociclistas no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, de 2015 a 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the trend in motorcyclist mortality rate from traffic accidents in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2015 to 2020. Methods: This is an ecological time series study with secondary data from the Traffic Accident Management Information System of the State of São Paulo (INFOSIGA), referring to motorcyclists' deaths due to road traffic injuries in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2015 to 2020. The Annual Percent Change was calculated according to the Prais-Winsten regression model, using the Stata 14.0 software. Results: A total of 11,343 deaths of motorcyclists due to road traffic injuries were reported. The highest proportion of deaths occurred among men (88.1%), aged between 18 and 24 years (27.9%), in the two most populous and urbanized regions of the state. The distribution of mortality showed minimal variation in the analyzed period, from 4.22 to 4.42 deaths/100 thousand inhabitants. Among the analyzed sociodemographic variables, the mortality trend of motorcyclists was mostly stationary. Conclusion: The analysis of the mortality of motorcyclists due to road traffic injuries in the state of São Paulo showed a stationary trend.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a tendência da taxa de mortalidade de motociclistas decorrentes de lesões por acidentes de trânsito no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, nos anos de 2015 a 2020. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de delineamento de série temporal com dados secundários provenientes do Sistema de Informações Gerenciais de Acidentes de Trânsito do Estado de São Paulo (INFOSIGA), referentes aos óbitos de motociclistas decorrentes de lesões por acidentes de trânsito no estado de São Paulo, de 2015 a 2020. A variação percentual anual foi calculada pelo modelo de regressão de Prais-Winsten, utilizando o programa STATA 14.0. Resultados: Foram notificados 11.343 óbitos de motociclistas resultantes de lesões por acidentes de trânsito. A maior proporção de óbitos ocorreu entre indivíduos do sexo masculino (88,1%), entre 18 e 24 anos de idade (27,9%), nas duas regiões mais populosas e urbanizadas do estado. A distribuição da taxa de mortalidade apresentou mínima variação no período analisado, de 4,22 a 4,42 óbitos/100 mil habitantes. Entre as variáveis sociodemográficas analisadas, a tendência da mortalidade de motociclistas foi estacionária em sua maioria. Conclusão: A análise da taxa de mortalidade de motociclistas decorrentes de lesões por acidentes de trânsito no estado de São Paulo apresentou tendência estacionária.

Minimally invasive swine spine surgery training: technical aspects, benefits, and anatomical limitations

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the technical specificities and feasibility of simulation of minimally invasive spine surgery in live pigs, as well as similarities and differences in comparison to surgery in humans. Methods A total of 22 Large White class swine models, weighing between 60 and 80kg, were submitted to surgical simulations, performed during theoretical-practical courses for training surgical techniques (microsurgical and endoscopic lumbar decompression; percutaneous pedicular instrumentation; lateral access to the thoracic spine, and anterior and retroperitoneal to the lumbar spine, and management of complications) by 86 spine surgeons. For each surgical technique, porcine anatomy (similarities and differences in relation to human anatomy), access route, and dimensions of the instruments and implants used were evaluated. Thus, the authors describe the feasibility of each operative simulation, as well as suggestions to optimize training. Study results are descriptive, with figures and drawings. Results Neural decompression surgeries (microsurgeries and endoscopic) and pedicular instrumentation presented higher similarities to surgery on humans. On the other hand, intradiscal procedures had limitations due to the narrow disc space in swines. We were able to simulate situations of surgical trauma in surgical complication scenarios, such as cerebrospinal fluid fistulas and excessive bleeding, with comparable realism to surgery on humans. Conclusion A porcine model for simulation of minimally invasive spinal surgical techniques had similarities with surgery on humans, and is therefore feasible for surgeon training.

Analysis of COVID-19 mortality and case-fatality in a low- income region: an ecological time-series study in Tocantins, Brazilian Amazon / Análise da mortalidade e letalidade por COVID-19 em uma região de baixa renda: um estudo ecológico de série temporal no Tocantins, Amazônia Brasileira

INTRODUCTION: Inserted in the vulnerable context of the Brazilian Amazon, the state of Tocantins has suffered damages with the dissemination of COVID-19 in its territory; however, little evidence is published from this state. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the case-fatality, mortality, and incidence of COVID-19 in Tocantins. METHODS: This is an ecological study, population-based, time-series analysis of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the state of Tocantins from March 2020 to August 2021. RESULTS: During the examined period, 219,031 COVID-19 cases, and 3,594 deaths were registered due to disease. Two possible occurrence peaks were characterized in this time-series analysis. Remarkably, the Second Wave had the highest lethality rates (3.02% - April 2021), mortality (39.81 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants - March 2021), and incidence (1,938.88 cases per 100,000 inhabitants - March 2021). At the end of the period, mortality, incidence, and lethality showed flat trends, suggesting a positive outcome of the vaccination program. CONCLUSION: The prevention, surveillance, and control actions of COVID-19 cases in Tocantins State have been directed to mitigate the deleterious effects of the pandemic. Nevertheless, efforts are still needed to decrease lethality, mortality, and incidence trends, and ultimately to achieve control of the COVID-19 pandemic in the region

INTRODUÇÃO: Inserido em vulnerável contexto da Amazônia Brasileira, o estado de Tocantis tem sofrido danos com a disseminação da COVID-19 em seu território; entretanto, escassas evidências têm sido publicadas sobre este estado. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a letalidade, mortalidade e incidência da COVID-19 em Tocantins. MÉTODO: Este é um estudo ecológico, de base populacional, com análises de séries temporais de casos e óbitos de COVID-19 no estado do Tocantins de março de 2020 a agosto de 2021. RESULTADOS: No período examinado, foram registrados 219.031 casos de COVID-19 e 3,594 óbitos devido a doença. Foram caracterizadas nesta análise de série temporal a formação de duas possíveis ondas. Notavelmente, a segunda onda apresentou as maiores taxas de letalidade (3,02% - abril de 2021), mortalidade (39,81 óbitos por 100.000 habitantes - março de 2021) e incidência (1.938,88 casos por 100.000 habitantes - março de 2021). No final do período, a mortalidade, incidência e letalidade apresentaram tendências estacionárias, sugerindo um resultado positivo do programa de vacinação. CONCLUSÃO: As ações de prevenção, vigilância e controle dos casos de COVID-19 no Estado do Tocantins têm sido direcionadas para mitigar os efeitos deletérios da pandemia. No entanto, esforços ainda são necessários para diminuir as tendências da letalidade, mortalidade e, em última instância, para alcançar o controle da pandemia de COVID-19 na região.

Application of 5% Lidocaine Adhesive Patch in Painful Surgical Scars: Clinical Trial.

Objective The present paper aims to evaluate the use of a 5% lidocaine patch to treat neuropathic pain after orthopedic procedures in comparison with therapeutic massage over surgical incisions. Methods This is a prospective, randomized clinical trial with 37 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery from January 2015 to February 2017. The study included subjects aged 13 to 70 years old who underwent foot and ankle orthopedic surgery and presented neuropathic pain or hypersensitivity at the surgical incision site for at least 90 days after the procedure. All patients were assessed for pain (using the visual analog scale [VAS]) and quality of life (with the SF-36 questionnaire) at the beginning of the treatment and after 30, 60, and 90 days. Results Although the treatment improved pain in both groups, subjects using the lidocaine patch presented greater pain reduction over time. There were no statistically significant differences in the SF-36 questionnaire, with no significant evidence regarding functional capacity, physical aspects, vitality, emotional aspects, social aspects, general health condition, and mental health. The great advantage of the patch was the degree of personal satisfaction of the patients, with statistical relevance, probably due to the easy application and psychological effect of a drug therapy. Conclusion Lidocaine patches and massages are effective treatment methods for reducing scar tissue pain, with similar outcomes. The patches improved the degree of patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence 1. Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Surgery associated with radiotherapy in patients affected by metastatic medular compression: scientific production of the health area / Cirurgia associada à radioterapia em pacientes acometidos por compressão medular metastática: produção científica da área da saúde

INTRODUCTION: The spine is the most frequent area of bone metastasis in patients with systemic neoplastic disease. The goal of its treatment is immediate decompression, in order to prevent deterioration or reverse the deficit in neurological functionOBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of the scientific literature on the effectiveness of surgery associated with radiotherapy to improve the neurological deficit caused by metastatic spinal cord compressionMETHODS: Descriptive study based on bibliometric and scientometric methods. Using both, it is possible to qualify, verify and give meaning to the data and have, as a result, a broad study about the productions of the theme in question. Articles published in the National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Web of Science and Virtual Health Library (VHL) were used, searched using keywords obtained from the Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS), of the VHLRESULTS: The searches resulted in 131 articles. After filtering by reading titles, 100 articles were selected for reading the abstract. At the end of the collection, 15 articles were selected. Of these, the year of publication was distributed every two years for analysis, with a significant growth in 2015 and 2016. As for the origin of the studies, 60% (n = 9) had data collection developed in China, Japan or the United States of America. Regarding the gender of the sample, 57.14% of them contained the predominantly or totally male sample and 42.85% female. Regarding the histological type of tumor, there was a wide variation between studies. In some of them, the sample contained different groups of tumor diagnosisCONCLUSION: The combination of surgery with postoperative radiotherapy proved to be effective and more efficient than these alone for the treatment of patients affected by metastatic neurological compression

INTRODUÇÃO: A coluna vertebral é a área mais frequente de metástase óssea em pacientes com doença neoplásica sistêmica. O objetivo do seu tratamento a descompressão imediata, a fim de evitar deterioração ou reverter o déficit da função neurológicaOBJETIVO: Analisar as características da literatura científica sobre a eficácia da cirurgia associada a radioterapia para melhora do déficit neurológico causado por compressão medular metastáticaMÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, a partir dos métodos da bibliometria e cientometria. Utilizando ambos, pode-se qualificar, constatar e atribuir sentido aos dados e ter, como resultado, um estudo amplo acerca das produções do tema em questão. Foram utilizados artigos publicados no National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Web of Science e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), pesquisados através de palavras-chave obtidas no Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), da BVSRESULTADOS: As buscas resultaram em 131 artigos. Após a filtragem por leitura de títulos, selecionou-se 100 artigos para leitura do resumo. Ao final da coleta foram selecionados 15 artigos. Destes, o ano de publicação foi distribuído bienalmente para análise, com um crescimento significativo no ano de 2015 e 2016. Quanto à procedência dos estudos, 60% (n = 9) tiveram a coleta dados desenvolvida na China, Japão ou Estados Unidos da América. Em relação ao sexo da amostra, 57,14% deles continham a amostra predominante ou totalmente masculina e 42,85% feminina. Em relação ao tipo histológico do tumor, houve uma grande variação entre os estudos. Em alguns deles, a amostra continha grupos diferentes de diagnostico tumoralCONCLUSÃO: A combinação de cirurgia com radioterapia pós-operatória se mostrou eficaz e mais eficiente do que estas isoladas para o tratamento de pacientes acometidos por compressão neurológica metastática

Cell therapy in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration / Terapia celular no tratamento da degeneração de disco intervertebral / Terapia celular en el tratamiento de la degeneración de disco intervertebral

ABSTRACT Approximately 80% of the world population experiences some type of back pain at some point in their life, and in 10% of this population the pain causes chronic disability resulting in a high cost for the treatment of these patients, in addition to compromising their work and social interaction abilities. Current treatment strategies include the surgical procedure for degenerated intervertebral disc resection, the nerve root block and physiotherapy. However, such treatments only relieve symptoms and do not prevent the degeneration of intervertebral discs. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies have emerged and include manipulating cells to recover the degenerated disc. This article will discuss the possible cell therapy alternatives used in the disc regeneration process, featuring a descriptive study of translational medicine that involves clinical aspects of new treatment alternatives and knowledge of basic research areas, such as cellular and molecular biology. Level of evidence V; Expert Opinion.

RESUMO Aproximadamente 80% da população mundial sofre algum tipo de dor nas costas em alguma fase de vida, sendo que em 10% dessa população, as dores acarretam incapacidade crônica, deflagrando alto custo de tratamento desses pacientes, além de comprometer as habilidades de trabalho e convívio social desses indivíduos. As estratégias de tratamento atuais incluem o procedimento cirúrgico por ressecção do disco intervertebral degenerado, bloqueio de raízes nervosas e fisioterapia. Entretanto, tais tratamentos apenas aliviam os sintomas e não impedem que ocorra a degeneração de discos intervertebrais. Portanto, novas estratégias terapêuticas têm surgido e incluem a manipulação de células com o objetivo de recuperar o disco degenerado. No presente artigo, serão discutidas as diferentes possibilidades alternativas de terapias celulares no processo de regeneração discal, caracterizando um estudo descritivo da medicina translacional que envolve aspectos clínicos de novas alternativas de tratamento e o conhecimento de áreas básicas de pesquisa como biologia celular e molecular. Nível de evidência V; Opinião do Especialista.

RESUMEN Aproximadamente 80% de la población mundial sufre algún tipo de dolor de espalda en alguna etapa de la vida, y en 10% de esa población, los dolores causan incapacidad crónica, deflagrando alto costo de tratamiento de esos pacientes, además de comprometer las habilidades laborales y convivencia social de esos individuos. Las estrategias de tratamiento actuales incluyen el procedimiento quirúrgico para la resección del disco intervertebral degenerado, bloqueo de las raíces nerviosas y fisioterapia. Entretanto, tales tratamientos solo alivian los síntomas y no impiden que ocurra la degeneración de discos intervertebrales. Por lo tanto, han surgido nuevas estrategias terapéuticas e incluyen la manipulación de células con el objetivo de recuperar el disco degenerado. En el presente artículo se discutirán las diferentes posibilidades alternativas de las terapias celulares en el proceso de regeneración discal, caracterizando un estudio descriptivo de la medicina traslacional que involucra aspectos clínicos de nuevas alternativas de tratamiento y conocimiento de áreas básicas de investigación como biología celular y molecular. Nivel de evidencia V; Opinión del especialista.

Osteomuscular symptoms on motorcycles in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, West Amazon.

ABSTRACT: Musculoskeletal disorders gradually affect workers in different parts of the world, compromising their occupational health and quality of life. Professionals exposed to these symptoms include the motorcycle taxi driver, whose pain is due to the overuse of the musculoskeletal system and little time to recover it.To identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in motorcycle taxi drivers in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, West Amazon.Cross-sectional study, involving 296 motorcycle taxi drivers in the city of Rio Branco-Acre, Brazil, male, from December 2016 to February 2017. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to collect information related to symptoms (pain, discomfort, or numbness) in the last 7 days of work. For the exclusion criteria were, being female; not reside outside the city of Rio Branco, Acre; having less than 3 months of work activity; not be carrying out their work activities at the time of application of the protocol; be limited by clinical or physical issues at the time of application of the protocol. The data obtained in the questionnaire were entered into the Epidata program (Epidata Association, Odense, Denmark) and then transferred to the STATA 10 statistical program (Stata Corp., College Station), for categorization and statistical analysis.The study population is over 36 years old; most reported having a partner and a higher education level. The average daily working hours of the participants were 12 hours, with the majority working over 12 hours daily. Most of the epidemiological variables factors were associated with musculoskeletal pain when the prevalence and prevalence ratio analyzes were performed. Higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the lumbar region is with 17.9%. In the lower limbs, the most affected joint was the ankle (5.7%), followed by the hip (5.07%) and knee (5.07%), respectively. Insomnia was present in 55.35% and self-reported headache in 49.4% of participants.The musculoskeletal disorders generated by the daily service of motorcycle taxi drivers are directly affecting the quality of life of these professionals.

Evaluation of low back pain in patients who underwent bariatric surgery / Avaliação da dor lombar em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica / Evaluación del dolor lumbar en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica

ABSTRACT Objective Low back pain is an extremely common condition that can affect up to 84% of people at some point in life. It affects patients of both sexes, mainly between 30 and 50 years of age, and has a great impact on the quality of life, in addition to placing a significant demand on health services. Obesity is considered as an important risk factor for the development of low back pain since the change in body fat distribution causes changes in the locomotor system and especially in the spine. Methods The study makes a comparative, retrospective analysis of patients who underwent bariatric surgery through questionnaires to assess the improvement in their quality of life and low back pain. The data were submitted to a statistical analysis and the results compared to the literature data. Results As a result, there was a statistically significant improvement in quality of life in relation to weight loss; the greater the weight reduction, the better the quality of life and the younger the patient, the better their quality of life. Conclusions When asked about low back pain, 70.7% of patients classified it as moderate to severe. Level of evidence III; Comparative retrospective.

RESUMO Objetivo A dor lombar é uma condição extremamente comum que pode acometer até 84% das pessoas em algum momento da vida. Atinge pacientes de ambos os sexos, principalmente entre 30 a 50 anos de idade e tem grande impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, além da importante demanda que ocasiona aos serviços de saúde. A obesidade é considerada um fator de risco importante para o desenvolvimento de dor lombar, uma vez que a mudança da distribuição da gordura corporal causa alterações no aparelho locomotor e, em especial, na coluna vertebral. Métodos O estudo faz uma análise comparativa retrospectiva dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica por meio de questionários, com o objetivo de avaliar a melhora da qualidade de vida e a dor lombar desses pacientes. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise estatística e os resultados comparados aos dados presentes na literatura. Resultados Como resultado, houve relevância estatística na melhora da qualidade de vida com relação à perda de peso; quanto maior a redução de peso melhor a qualidade de vida, e quanto menor a idade, melhor a qualidade de vida do paciente. Conclusões Quando questionados sobre a dor lombar, 70,7% dos pacientes classificaram a dor de moderada a intensa. Nível de evidência III; Retrospectiva comparativa.

RESUMEN Objetivo El dolor lumbar es una condición extremadamente común que puede afectar hasta 84% de las personas en algún momento de la vida. Afecta a pacientes de ambos sexos, principalmente entre 30 y 50 años de edad y tiene un gran impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, además de la importante demanda que ocasiona a los servicios de salud. La obesidad es considerada un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo del dolor lumbar, ya que el cambio de la distribución de la grasa corporal causa alteraciones en el sistema locomotor y especialmente en la columna vertebral. Métodos El estudio realiza un análisis comparativo retrospectivo de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica mediante cuestionarios, para evaluar la mejora de la calidad de vida y el dolor lumbar de estos pacientes. Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis estadístico y los resultados se compararon a los datos presentes en la literatura. Resultados Como resultado, hubo relevancia estadística en la mejora de la calidad de vida con relación a la pérdida de peso; cuanto mayor es la reducción de peso mejor es la calidad de vida, y cuanto menor es la edad, mejor es la calidad de vida del paciente. Conclusiones Cuando cuestionados sobre el dolor lumbar, 70,7% de los pacientes calificó el dolor de moderado a intenso. Nivel de evidencia III; Retrospectivo comparativo.

Interobserver Agreement of the Static Methods of Evaluating the Types of Footprint in Runners.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of interobserver diagnostic methods of the type of footprint among running athletes using three evaluation methods: physical examination, podoscopy, and baropodometry compared with radiographic measurement of Meary angles and calcaneal pitch. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of athletes who practice running. The inclusion criteria were: individuals with minimum age of 18 years and maximum age of 65, male or female, healthy and without comorbidities that interfere with running performance; regular practitioners who run at least twice a week; body mass index between 18.5 and 29.99 Kg/m 2 ; acceptance of the written informed consent form (WICF). The non-inclusion criteria included: presence of previous or active injuries that compromise sports activity; previous foot surgeries; obesity. Forty patients were selected, 29 (72.5%) male and 11 (27.5%) female, whose mean age was 39 years (minimum 19 years and maximum 61 years). The body mass index (BMI) of the 40 patients ranged from 21.00 to 29.99 kg/m 2 (mean 25.48 kg/m 2 with standard deviation of 2.39 kg/m 2 and a median of 25.50 kg/m 2 ). We excluded those with values above 29.99. Running frequency ranged from 2 to 5 times per week (average 3.13 times per week, with standard deviation of 0.79 times per week and median of 3 times per week). Physical examination, podoscopy, and baropodometry were performed, and their evaluation was made by 4 examiners. Additionally, the results were compared with the radiographic classification of the footprint type obtained by measuring the Meary angles and the calcaneal pitch. Results The interobserver agreement of these parameters was verified by the weighted Kappa agreement index, in which we obtained a significant agreement between the participants considering physical examination, podoscopy, and baropodometry, and according to the Kappa index. The agreement was marginal when comparing the results of the three methods with the radiographic angular classification. Conclusion We obtained excellent agreement among observers when considering physical examination, podoscopy, and baropodometry for the diagnosis of the footprint type among runners. However, when comparing the results obtained with the radiographic measurements, the agreement for the diagnosis of footprint type was low.

Interobserver Agreement of the Static Methods of Evaluating the Types of Footprint in Runners / Concordância interobservadores dos métodos estáticos de avaliação dos tipos de pisada em praticantes de corrida

Abstract Objective To evaluate the accuracy of interobserver diagnostic methods of the type of footprint among running athletes using three evaluation methods: physical examination, podoscopy, and baropodometry compared with radiographic measurement of Meary angles and calcaneal pitch. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of athletes who practice running. The inclusion criteria were: individuals with minimum age of 18 years and maximum age of 65, male or female, healthy and without comorbidities that interfere with running performance; regular practitioners who run at least twice a week; body mass index between 18.5 and 29.99 Kg/m2; acceptance of the written informed consent form (WICF). The non-inclusion criteria included: presence of previous or active injuries that compromise sports activity; previous foot surgeries; obesity. Forty patients were selected, 29 (72.5%) male and 11 (27.5%) female, whose mean age was 39 years (minimum 19 years and maximum 61 years). The body mass index (BMI) of the 40 patients ranged from 21.00 to 29.99 kg/m2 (mean 25.48 kg/m2 with standard deviation of 2.39 kg/m2 and a median of 25.50 kg/m2). We excluded those with values above 29.99. Running frequency ranged from 2 to 5 times per week (average 3.13 times per week, with standard deviation of 0.79 times per week and median of 3 times per week). Physical examination, podoscopy, and baropodometry were performed, and their evaluation was made by 4 examiners. Additionally, the results were compared with the radiographic classification of the footprint type obtained by measuring the Meary angles and the calcaneal pitch. Results The interobserver agreement of these parameters was verified by the weighted Kappa agreement index, in which we obtained a significant agreement between the participants considering physical examination, podoscopy, and baropodometry, and according to the Kappa index. The agreement was marginal when comparing the results of the three methods with the radiographic angular classification. Conclusion We obtained excellent agreement among observers when considering physical examination, podoscopy, and baropodometry for the diagnosis of the footprint type among runners. However, when comparing the results obtained with the radiographic measurements, the agreement for the diagnosis of footprint type was low.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a acurácia dos métodos de diagnóstico interobservadores do tipo de pisada em atletas corredores utilizando três métodos de avaliação: exame físico, podoscopia e baropodometria comparando com a medida radiográfica dos ângulos de Meary e pitch do calcâneo. Métodos Trata-se de estudo transversal de atletas que praticam corrida. Os critérios de inclusão foram: indivídulos com idade mínima de 18 anos e máxima de 65 anos de ambos os sexos; indivídulos hígidos, sem comorbidades que interfiram no desempenho da corrida; praticantes regulares que realizam corrida ao menos duas vezes na semana; índice de massa corpórea entre 18,5 e 29,99 Kg/m2; aceitação dos termos de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE). Os critérios de não inclusão compreenderam: presença de lesões prévias ou ativas que comprometam a atividade esportiva; cirurgias prévias dos pés; obesidade. Foram selecionados 40 pacientes, sendo 29 (72,5%) do sexo masculino e 11 (27,5%) do sexo feminino cuja média das idades foi de 39 anos (mínimo de 19 anos e máximo de 61 anos). O índice de massa corpórea (IMC) dos 40 pacientes variou de 21,00 a 29,99 Kg/m2 (média de 25,48 Kg/m2 com desvio-padrão de 2,39 Kg/m2 e mediana de 25,50 Kg/m2). Excluímos os que apresentaram valor superior a 29,99 Kg/m2. A frequência de corrida variou de 2 a 5 vezes por semana (média de 3,13 vezes por semana com desvio-padrão de 0,79 vezes por semana e mediana de 3 vezes por semana). Foram realizados exame físico, podoscopia e baropodometria, e sua avaliação foi feita por quatro examinadores; além disso, os resultados foram comparados com a classificação radiográfica do tipo de pisada obtida através da mensuração dos ângulos de Meary e pitch do calcâneo. Resultados A concordância interobservadores destes parâmetros foi verificada pelo índice de concordância de Kappa ponderado, segundo o qual obtivemos uma concordância significante entre os participantes, levando-se em consideração o exame físico, podoscopia e baropodometria e de acordo com o índice Kappa. A concordância foi marginal quando comparados os resultados dos três métodos com a classificação angular radiográfica. Conclusão Obtivemos uma concordância excelente entre os observadores ao considerarmos o exame físico, a podoscopia e a baropodometria para o diagnóstico do tipo pisada em corredores. Porém, quando comparados os resultados obtidos com as medidas radiográficas, a concordância para o diagnóstico do tipo da pisada foi baixa.

Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: Clinical Outcomes and Complications.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and functional results of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy. Materials and Methods From August 2015 to January 2017, 101 patients with lumbar disc hernia refractory to clinical treatment underwent endoscopic discectomy. Through clinical evaluation by the Visual Analogue Scale and functional evaluation by the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire, the patients were analyzed in the preoperative period, the immediate postoperative period, at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Results The mean age of the participants was 48.1 years. The most affected disc levels were L4-L5 and L5-S1. A total of 29 patients were treated at 2 disc levels. After 1 month of postoperative follow-up, the mean scores on the questionnaires (VAS and ODI) decreased significantly ( p < 0.001). Conclusion Transforaminal endoscopic Lumbar discectomy has been shown to be a safe, effective and minimally-invasive alternative for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. The procedure has advantages, such as short hospital stay, surgery performed under local anesthesia and sedation, early return to daily activities, and low rate of complications.

The effectiveness of the most used techniques in patients with degenerative cervical disease / A eficácia das técnicas mais utilizadas em pacientes com doença degenerativa cervical / La eficacia de las técnicas más utilizadas en pacientes con enfermedad cervical degenerativa

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to discuss the three main surgical techniques currently applied in the treatment of degenerative cervical discopathy and their repercussions on patient quality of life. We considered the impact of the surgical techniques applied to the quality of life of 24 patients who underwent surgery during the period from 2010 to 2017 using the Oswestry and SF-36 scales. With the application of the questionnaires we observed, through the applicability and analysis of the quality of life results indicated in the questionnaires, that pain improvement and a reduction in work and daily activity disability were more effective with cervical arthroplasty. We concluded that with the individualization of surgical treatment, that is, through the choice of the surgical technique most appropriate for the clinical condition, the postoperative recovery and consequently the quality of life of the patient are enhanced. Level of evidence IV; Descriptive study.

RESUMO A presente pesquisa pretende discutir as três principais técnicas cirúrgicas aplicadas atualmente no tratamento da discopatia degenerativa cervical e a sua repercussão na qualidade de vida do paciente. Considerou-se o impacto das técnicas cirúrgicas aplicadas na qualidade de vida de 24 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia no período de 2010 a 2017, através da escala de Oswestry e do SF-36. Com a aplicação do estudo pudemos observar que através da aplicabilidade e análise dos resultados apontados nos questionários de qualidade de vida, a melhora da dor e a diminuição da incapacidade laboral e diária foram mais eficazes na artroplastia cervical. Concluiu-se que com a individualização do tratamento cirúrgico, ou seja, através da escolha da técnica cirúrgica mais apropriada ao quadro clínico, potencializa-se a recuperação pós-operatória e, consequentemente, a qualidade de vida do paciente. Nível de evidência IV; Estudo Descritivo.

RESUMEN La presente investigación pretende discutir las tres principales técnicas quirúrgicas aplicadas actualmente en el tratamiento de la discopatía degenerativa cervical y su repercusión en la calidad de vida del paciente. Se consideró el impacto de las técnicas quirúrgicas aplicadas en la calidad de vida de 24 pacientes sometidos a cirugía en el período de 2010 a 2017, a través de la escala de Oswestry y del SF-36. Con la aplicación del estudio pudimos observar que a través de la aplicabilidad y análisis de los resultados apuntados en los cuestionarios de calidad de vida, la mejora del dolor y la disminución de la incapacidad laboral y diaria fueron más eficaces en la artroplastia cervical. Se concluyó que, con la individualización del tratamiento quirúrgico, o sea, a través de la elección de la técnica quirúrgica más apropiada al cuadro clínico, se potencializa la recuperación postoperatoria y, consiguientemente, la calidad de vida del paciente. Nivel de evidencia IV; Estudio descriptivo.

Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: Clinical Outcomes and Complications / Discectomia endoscópica transforaminal lombar: Resultados clínicos e complicações

Abstract Objective To evaluate the clinical and functional results of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy. Materials and Methods From August 2015 to January 2017, 101 patients with lumbar disc hernia refractory to clinical treatment underwent endoscopic discectomy. Through clinical evaluation by the Visual Analogue Scale and functional evaluation by the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire, the patients were analyzed in the preoperative period, the immediate postoperative period, at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Results The mean age of the participants was 48.1 years. The most affected disc levels were L4-L5 and L5-S1. A total of 29 patients were treated at 2 disc levels. After 1 month of postoperative follow-up, the mean scores on the questionnaires (VAS and ODI) decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusion Transforaminal endoscopic Lumbar discectomy has been shown to be a safe, effective and minimally-invasive alternative for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. The procedure has advantages, such as short hospital stay, surgery performed under local anesthesia and sedation, early return to daily activities, and low rate of complications.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os resultados clínicos e funcionais da discectomia endoscópica transforaminal lombar. Materiais e Métodos De agosto de 2015 a janeiro de 2017, 101 pacientes portadores de hérnia de disco lombar refratária ao tratamento clínico foram submetidos a discectomia endoscópica. Por meio de avaliação clínica pela Escala Visual Analógica e análise funcional pelo questionário Oswestry Disability Index, os pacientes foram analisados no período pré-operatório, no pós-operatório imediato, com 1 mês, 3 meses, 6 meses e 1 ano após a cirurgia. Resultados A média de idade dos participantes foi de 48.1 anos. Os níveis discais mais acometidos foram L4-L5, seguidos de L5-S1. Um total de 29 pacientes foram abordados em 2 níveis discais. Após 1 mês de seguimento pós-operatório, a média das pontuações nos questionários (EVA e ODI) diminuiu significativamente (p < 0.001). Conclusão A discectomia endoscópica transforaminal lombar mostrou ser uma alternativa segura, eficaz e minimamente invasiva para o tratamento de hérnia de disco lombar. O procedimento tem vantagens, como curto período de internação hospitalar, cirurgia realizada sob anestesia local e sedação, retorno precoce às atividades diárias, e baixa taxa de complicações.

Bridging versus Nonbridging Dynamic External Fixation of Unstable Distal Radius Fractures in the Elderly with Polytrauma: A Randomized Study.

Background Despite the high prevalence of unstable distal radius fractures (DRFs), there is no consensus regarding the optimal method and treatment timing, especially for elderly patients with multiple associated injuries. Purpose This study aimed to compare the grip strength achieved with two different methods for definitive dynamic external fixation of DRFs in elderly patients with polytrauma operated on within the first 24 hours. Methods In this prospective randomized trial, 35 patients were assigned to undergo definitive external dynamic fixation of DRFs using the nonbridging (group A) or bridging (group B) method. The grip strength, range of motion (ROM), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) outcome measure, visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain, and radiographic characteristics were evaluated at 6 and 12 months. Results At 12 months, no significant between-group difference was observed with respect to grip strength. All patients showed results in the third or fourth quartiles. The mean ROMs were 96.94 and 96.38% and the mean QuickDASH scores were 3.53 and 3.85 in groups A and B, respectively. The VAS scores were 1.60 and 1.85 in groups A and B, respectively. The overall complication rates were 13.3 and 15% in groups A and B, respectively. Initial fracture reduction was maintained in 86.67 and 95% of the patients in groups A and B, respectively. Conclusions Both bridging and nonbridging external definitive dynamic fixation proved safe and reliable for the treatment of unstable DRFs in elderly patients with polytrauma. The grip strength results in both groups predicted the restoration of ability in elderly patients to perform activities of daily living independently.

Inflammatory biomarkers in sera of patients with intervertebral disc degeneration.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intervertebral disc levels of inflammatory factor (interleukin 6) and proteinase activity (cathepsin B) in patients with a degenerative disease and serum levels of interleukin 6, serum cathepsin B activity and hyaluronic acid biomarkers. METHODS: We conducted immunohistochemistry studies of intervertebral discs to analyze interleukin 6 and cathepsin B levels of patients with degenerative disease and spine fracture (Control Group) and to measure hyaluronic acid, interleukin 6 and cathepsin B activity from sera of intervertebral disc degeneration patients, fracture patients, and healthy individuals. RESULTS: Interleukin 6 and cathepsin B seem to be related with physiopathology of intervertebral disc degeneration, since the levels of both were higher in discs of patients with intervertebral disc degeneration. Interleukin 6 and cathepsin B do not represent good biomarkers of degenerative intervertebral disc disease, since the level of such compounds is increased in the plasma of patients with fractures. CONCLUSION: Hyaluronic acid can be a biomarker for intervertebral disc degeneration, because hyaluronic acid levels were higher only in sera of patients with intervertebral disc degeneration.